Guest Plates in Turkey: How Long a Foreign Car Can Stay

Guest Plates in Turkey: How Long a Foreign Car Can Stay

Guest plates in Turkey is the everyday name for the arrangement under which a car registered abroad, or a car carrying the Turkish MA–MZ temporary series, is allowed to be used in the country without paying the import taxes that apply to a Turkish-registered vehicle. As of 4 November 2026, the Ministry of Trade describes two separate routes: a tourist-facility route for people who live abroad, which keeps the original foreign plates, and a temporary-entry route for foreigners who come to work, study or retire in Turkey, which produces MA–MZ plates. This guide sets out the periods, the conditions, the fines and the online tools for each route, using the Ministry’s own pages and the Official Gazette (Resmî Gazete).

The question behind most searches for guest plates in Turkey is how long the car may stay and whether the stay can run past two years. The rules answer that with several different numbers: 730 days, 90 days in any 180, one month a year, or up to two years at a time with extensions. Which number applies depends on who owns the car, where that person lives and which permit they hold. Penalty amounts are in Turkish lira (TRY) at the 2026 values published by the Ministry. No exchange rate is applied, so the figures are not converted to dollars.

What Guest Plates in Turkey Means in the Rules

The phrase “guest plates” does not appear as a defined term in the customs texts. The legislation speaks of temporary importation (geçici ithalat) of personal-use road vehicles, and the Ministry’s guidance speaks of “foreign-plated vehicles” (yabancı plakalı taşıt). In ordinary speech the English phrase covers two situations that the rules treat differently.

In the first, a person who lives outside Turkey drives in a car that is registered in the country of residence. The car keeps its original plates. Customs records it against the owner’s passport at the border, and the record closes when the car leaves. The Ministry calls this the use of tourist facilities. In the second, a foreigner who has come to Turkey to work or study, or a foreign retiree with a temporary residence permit, brings in a car under a temporary entry carnet or a temporary entry form. The car is registered temporarily in Turkey and receives plates from the MA–MZ letter series issued through the Ministry of Interior. Colloquial usage sometimes reserves “guest plates” for this second case.

The headline periods the Ministry publishes can be summarized in one paragraph. Turkish citizens and dual citizens who live abroad, and Blue Card holders, can be given up to 730 days. Foreign nationals without a Turkish residence permit are given 90 days in any 180-day period. Foreign nationals with a Turkish residence permit are given the validity of the permit, capped at 730 days. MA–MZ permits run for up to two years at a time, and an extension may not exceed 24 months. Because the MA–MZ extension is tied to the permit rather than to a fixed total, it is the only route in the Ministry’s pages under which one car can be present for more than two years in total.

The Legal Framework Behind Guest Plates in Turkey

Several layers of rules sit behind the Ministry’s practical guidance. Customs Law No. 4458 is the statute. The Council of Ministers Decision No. 2009/15481, published in the Official Gazette on 7 October 2009, implements it and contains the definition of residence that the whole system relies on: for the vehicle provisions, a person’s place of residence is the place where they lived for at least 185 days in the year before their last entry into Turkey. A customs communiqué, Series No. 1 of 22 April 2011, sets out the detailed procedure for temporarily imported road vehicles. That communiqué has been amended several times, most recently by Series No. 9 in August 2026.

The Ministry’s frequently asked questions pages are not legislation. They are the administration’s own account of how the legislation is applied, and they carry the current penalty amounts. The English page carries the date 18 May 2026 and the Turkish page the date 10 August 2026, and the figures below follow the more recent Turkish version where the two differ.

How the Permitted Periods Changed From 2009 to 2026

Older articles on foreign-plated cars in Turkey often quote six months for ordinary visitors and one year for retirees. Those numbers were correct when the 2009 Decision was first published. Article 20 of the original text gave personal road vehicles brought into the customs territory six months, gave non-resident retirees one year, and gave foreign retirees who held a Turkish residence permit the length of that permit. Article 44 of the same Decision also set an overall ceiling for temporary importation of 24 months, subject to extensions under the Customs Law.

The Ministry of Trade’s announcement of 15 October 2015 records the first major change: Decision No. 2015/8113, published in the Official Gazette on 13 October 2015, raised the permit for privately used road vehicles from six months to 24 months. A month later, the Series No. 3 communiqué of 14 November 2015 turned the 24 months into 730 days and added the sentence that the permit cannot be longer than the time the person may stay in Turkey. Its transitional article allowed permits that were still running to be extended to 730 days on application and set aside overstay penalties that had not yet become final.

The 730 days are therefore not a recent figure; they have applied for eleven years. What has changed more recently is the machinery around them. The Series No. 8 communiqué of December 2023 added the United Kingdom to the group of countries whose residents may bring a car for one month a year and gave retirees an application window of the last three months before the permit ends. The Ministry launched an online service for stay tracking in March 2026. Series No. 9, published on 14 August 2026, redefined the retirement certificate and reworded the list of people who may use a vehicle imported under the tourist facilities.

Two Routes Compared: Tourist Facilities and the MA–MZ Temporary Entry

The distinction between the two routes decides almost every practical question about guest plates in Turkey, so it is worth setting them side by side before going into detail. The tourist-facility route is open to anyone resident outside Turkey, whatever their nationality. The temporary-entry route is narrower: it is available to foreigners, not to dual Turkish citizens, and only for work, study or retirement with a temporary residence permit.

The security requirement is a second difference. The Ministry states that customs charges nothing for the tourist-facility procedures. Under the temporary-entry route, a security deposit is required. For the form version it equals the customs duties on the vehicle. For the carnet version the guarantor institution, the Turkish Touring and Automobile Association (TURİNG), sets the amount on the basis of the tax amounts and charges its own fees. The Ministry itself charges no fee on either route.

Tourist Facilities: Who Qualifies and the 185-Day Test

The Ministry of Trade’s English FAQ states the core condition: a person who is a resident outside the Turkish customs territory may bring in a vehicle registered to them in their country of residence. Residence abroad is defined by a count of days. The person must have actually spent at least 185 days outside Turkey in the 365 days before the date of entry, and must also have established residence abroad. The days do not have to be continuous, and air, sea, land and rail trips all count. The Ministry’s worked example counts back from an entry on 10 April 2026 to 10 April 2025.

The arithmetic follows directly. A year has 365 days, so a person who needs 185 of them abroad can have spent at most 180 days in Turkey in the look-back year (365 minus 185). A visitor who spent 200 days in Turkey in that year fails the test even if the rest of the time was spent abroad, because only 165 days abroad would have been recorded. The check can be made on the e-Devlet service for residence abroad or from passport entry and exit records, according to the Ministry’s Turkish FAQ.

Nationality does not matter. The Ministry states that foreigners, dual citizens and former Turkish citizens are all treated alike if they are resident abroad. Turkish residents cannot use the route, and cannot bring a vehicle that belongs to a relative abroad. A spouse who wishes to import a vehicle must meet the same 185-day condition. The vehicle must be registered in the country of residence; the Ministry adds that EU and EFTA residents may bring vehicles registered in any EU or EFTA member state. Only one personal vehicle may be present at a time, even for a person who holds two passports, because all entries and exits are evaluated together.

Vehicles registered to companies and vehicles owned by someone else

A company vehicle can be brought in if both the owner and the user are resident abroad for 185 days and a valid power of attorney exists; the Ministry gives such vehicles up to 90 days. A foreign company with a Turkish branch or agency cannot use the route for vehicles used in that Turkish business. A vehicle owned by someone else can be brought in under a power of attorney, and both the owner and the attorney must satisfy the 185-day and residence conditions. The accepted attorney documents include those approved by an embassy, consulate or notary, documents approved by customs when the owner is present, documents of FIA or AIT member automobile clubs, and leasing or rental agreements.

Documents, age and vehicle type

The documents named by the Ministry are the ownership document for the vehicle, a driving licence, proof of residence abroad such as a passport, identity card or residence permit, a passport, and an insurance policy valid in Turkey. Retirees add a retirement certificate approved by an embassy, consulate or notary and translated into Turkish. Series No. 9 of 14 August 2026 defines that certificate as a document showing that a person resident outside the customs territory has retired abroad, issued under the relevant foreign social security law on the basis of prior employment, with a certified Turkish translation. The Ministry sets no age limit for vehicles and no restriction on right-hand-drive cars. A trailer or a non-motorized caravan may come in with the vehicle.

Permitted Periods by Category

The period granted on the tourist route depends on the person’s status, not on the vehicle. The Ministry’s pages break the categories down as follows. The 730-day maximum is described as valid only if the person and the vehicle have both been abroad for the required 185 days. A person who has used the full period cannot return with the same or a different vehicle until 185 days have passed from the exit date.

Where the 90-day figure comes from

The 90-day figure for foreign nationals is not a customs invention. The Ministry explains that the vehicle’s period cannot exceed the person’s own permitted stay in Turkey, and its example is a Georgian citizen limited to 90 days in any 180-day period. When the Ministry opened its online stay-tracking service in March 2026, it explained the reason: foreign-passport entries without a residence permit receive a maximum of 90 days, and travelers who do not know the end date of the stay run into overstay problems at the border.

Re-entry and the 185-day gap

The Ministry’s pages are firm on re-entry. After a person has used the full permitted period, both the person and the vehicle must each have been abroad for at least 185 days before a new period can start, and the vehicle must have remained abroad continuously. Leaving at a border gate and driving straight back in does not restart an expired permit. The one exception in the pages concerns retirees: a retiree who leaves before the period ends can return and use the remainder without meeting the 185-day condition, provided the return happens within the permit period.

Residence-Permit Holders, Workers, Students and Retirees on the MA–MZ Route

The temporary entry carnet (YTGGK) and temporary entry form (YTGGF) cover three groups: foreigners who live abroad and come to Turkey to work, foreigners who live abroad and come to study, and foreign retirees with a temporary residence permit in Turkey. The Ministry excludes dual Turkish citizens, Blue Card holders who are retired, and foreigners who retired from Turkey. The documents are the Turkish residence permit issued by the Directorate of Migration Management, plus a work permit for employees, a school enrolment certificate for students or a foreign retirement certificate for retirees.

The residence condition is tested at a specific date. For work or study, the person must have been resident abroad at the start of the work or study; where a work permit application is made first, the Ministry accepts the application date. Its examples are concrete: a person who spent 304 days in Turkey in the last year does not qualify, and a person who spent 245 days abroad does.

Registration, plates and security

The temporary traffic registration application must be made to customs within 30 days of the first entry. If it is not, Article 241(1) of the Customs Law is applied. The consolidated text of the Series No. 1 communiqué, as reproduced on the orgtr.org customs-legislation site, describes the sequence: customs issues a temporary registration certificate, a notary registers the vehicle and reports the MA–MZ plate number, and customs records it in its electronic module. The plates are from the MA–MZ series issued by the Ministry of Interior. The Ministry sets no limit on the vehicle’s age and no restriction on whether it was registered before or after the person began work or study.

For the form version, the security equals the customs duties on the vehicle. For the carnet version, TURİNG sets the guarantee on the basis of the tax amounts. The Ministry states that it charges no fee; the guarantor’s fees are separate and are listed on TURİNG’s own site.

Period, extension and the end of the basis

Each permit runs for up to two years, tied to the validity of the residence permit and of the work permit or enrolment. An extension may not exceed 24 months at a time and requires that the residence permit and the work permit or study document have themselves been renewed. For a carnet, the extension application goes through the guarantor; for a form, it goes directly to customs. If the extension application is still pending when the period expires, the holder is asked to apply before expiry and to attach the documents showing that the renewal is pending.

When the work or study ends, the holder has 30 days to export the vehicle, transfer it or abandon it to customs. After that, the Ministry says the vehicle is dealt with under Article 238 of the Customs Law and exported. The same 30-day clock applies to a basis that is not renewed, according to the consolidated communiqué text.

Retirees

Retirees appear in both routes. A retiree resident abroad can bring a vehicle under the tourist facilities with the 185-day condition waived for the first import after retirement. A foreign retiree with a Turkish temporary residence permit can use the carnet or form route. Series No. 8, published on 31 December 2023, requires retirees to apply to customs within the three months before the permit ends, except in cases of force majeure, and to have been abroad for 185 days both in the year before re-entry and after leaving with the vehicle before using the benefit again.

Property Owners and Residence Permits: What the Rules Say

Many readers ask about guest plates in Turkey because they own a home there and hold, or are considering, a short-term residence permit. The Ministry’s pages do not contain a property-owner category. The categories on the MA–MZ route are work, study and retirement, so owning a home is not one of the listed grounds. The tourist-facility route does not look at the reason for the permit at all; it looks at where the person lives and for how long.

That produces a few consequences that follow from the text. A foreign national who holds a Turkish residence permit and also meets the 185-day test is given a period equal to the permit’s validity, capped at 730 days. A person who has moved their residence to Turkey, or who spends more than 180 days a year in the country, does not meet the test, because the test counts days abroad. The Turkish FAQ adds that people who make a permanent return to Turkey cannot use the two-year tourist facility. The Decision’s own definition of residence is the place where a person lived for at least 185 days in the year before the last entry, which is the same count seen from the other side.

The residence permit itself is a separate subject, covered on the pages about the residence permit in Turkey, how to extend a residence permit, the property value threshold for a primary residence permit and the rules for staying in Turkey as a foreigner. The length of a foreigner’s permitted stay matters here because the Ministry ties the vehicle’s period to it: when the person’s permitted stay is shorter than 730 days, the vehicle’s period is shorter too.

Staying Beyond the Standard Period: The Options the Rules Provide

The search term behind this guide usually concerns staying beyond two years. The Ministry’s pages describe a limited set of mechanisms, and each has a condition attached. They are listed below with the source of each. None of them converts a temporarily imported car into a car that can be registered in the ordinary way; the consolidated communiqué text states that paying duties and fines does not make the vehicle eligible for free circulation and that it must still be exported.

The only route past two years in total

The extension mechanism is the one that produces a stay longer than two years for a single car. A foreign employee who arrives on a work permit receives a permit of up to two years. If the work permit and residence permit are renewed, the vehicle’s permit can be extended by up to 24 months, and the same step can follow again as long as the basis continues and the documents are in order. The text places the limit on each extension, not on the total. The tourist-facility route has no equivalent: its ceiling is 730 days for the period, followed by the 185-day gap.

What the rules rule out

Several things are excluded in plain terms. A vehicle brought under the tourist facilities cannot be sold or have its ownership transferred, to a Turkish resident or anyone else, with an exception for a transfer within the family unit under the same conditions. If a sale is discovered while the vehicle is in Turkey, action is taken under Article 238 against the permit holder and the new owner, and the vehicle must leave within 7 days. A vehicle with an expired permit cannot be restarted by crossing the border and returning. A vehicle cannot be put to use in a Turkish branch, agency or business. Turkish residents cannot use the route at all. The pages on importing your own car into Turkey and buying a car in Turkey as a foreigner cover the neighboring subjects, and taxes on purchasing a vehicle in Turkey explains the 2026 ÖTV, VAT and MTV figures for a car bought in Turkey.

Who May Drive a Guest-Plated Car

Use of the car is restricted to named people, and the restrictions are enforced through Article 238. On the tourist-facility route, the Ministry’s Turkish FAQ lists the permit holder’s spouse, ascendants (parents, grandparents) and descendants (children, grandchildren) as permitted users, provided their residence is outside the Turkish customs territory and the permit holder is in Turkey. Persons resident in Turkey may drive only in an emergency and only if the permit holder is in the vehicle. When the permit holder is abroad, the vehicle is to remain parked and nobody may use it.

Series No. 9 of 14 August 2026 reworded Article 26(1)(a) of the communiqué, which governs this subject. As published, the first limb covers the permit holder’s spouse and lineal relatives resident outside the customs territory, and a further limb covers persons resident outside the customs territory when the permit holder is in the vehicle. In both limbs the test is residence abroad. The Ministry’s FAQ page also states that if an unauthorized person uses the car, separate action is taken against both the permit holder and the person using it, and the vehicle is exported.

On the MA–MZ route, the permitted users are the owner’s spouse, parents and children, and a resident driver employed under a personal service contract. The names must appear on the traffic registration certificate. The driver’s use must not be continuous, the contract must state the personal use, and wages and social security contributions must be paid by the permit holder. The Ministry’s page on this route also says that a company’s partners or employees must show their authority through the articles of association. A separate page covers rules for using vehicles with foreign license plates in Turkey.

Leaving Turkey Without the Car and Checking Out at the Border

A foreign-plated car does not have to leave the country every time its owner does. The Ministry describes three ways of handling a trip abroad. The owner can leave the vehicle at customs or in a custodian car park, where it may stay for up to three months from delivery, with a single three-month extension on application. The owner can sign a commitment (Annex 7) and leave the car parked in Turkey, either at a customs office, through the e-Devlet portal, or through the Foreign-Plated Vehicle Procedures service. Or the owner can take the car out and close its electronic entry record at the border, with the passport stamp showing that the person is with the vehicle cancelled.

The period keeps running while the owner is away. The English FAQ says there will be no adding to the time the vehicle has spent in Turkey, since the vehicle has not been abroad, and the Turkish FAQ states that the vehicle’s period continues to run on an exit without the vehicle. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs page says the same. A person who leaves without the vehicle and without informing customs faces a single fine under Article 241(6)(e), which is TRY 11,952 for 2026 and covers all exits up to the day the omission is found.

A practical condition applies at exit. The Ministry states that a foreign-plated vehicle may not leave while unpaid traffic fines or bridge, road and tunnel tolls are outstanding. The Foreign-Plated Vehicle Procedures service includes a screen for paying traffic fines and tolls for that reason. The page on fines for traffic violations in Turkey covers the ordinary fine schedule, and the pages on crossing the Turkish border in a car with foreign plates and overstay and visa runs cover the border and the person’s own stay.

Overstay Penalties and Fines for Guest Plates in Turkey (2026)

The fines are of two kinds. Fixed amounts apply when a vehicle is re-exported or placed under customs treatment within three months after the legal stay ends. After three months, the penalty is a fraction of the customs duties on the vehicle. The Ministry’s English FAQ gives the Customs Law article for each band: Article 241/3-l for up to one month, 241/4-g for up to two months and 241/5-b for up to three months. Beyond three months, Article 238 applies and the fine is one quarter of the customs duties. Penalty decisions are shown in the Foreign-Plated Vehicle Procedures application.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs page lists the 2025 values, and the Ministry of Trade pages list the 2026 values. The 2026 amounts are exact multiples of TRY 2,988: twice that for the second band (5,976), three times for the third (8,964) and four times for the unreported exit fine (11,952). The 2025 amounts follow the same pattern with TRY 2,382 as the base. The difference between the two years is TRY 606 on the first band, which is a rise of 25.4 percent (606 divided by 2,382).

Worked examples

A vehicle with a 90-day permit expiring on 1 December that leaves on 20 December has overstayed by 19 days, which falls in the first band: TRY 2,988 at the 2026 value. If the same vehicle leaves on 15 January, the overstay is 45 days, in the second band: TRY 5,976. At 75 days, the third band applies: TRY 8,964. At four months, the fixed bands no longer apply and the fine is one quarter of the customs duties on the vehicle, an amount that depends on the vehicle’s value and tax rates and is therefore not a fixed number.

For the MA–MZ route the deadlines are counted differently. A holder who first enters on 1 March must request the temporary traffic registration within 30 days, that is by 31 March, or Article 241(1) applies. A holder who leaves a job on 1 June has 30 days to export, transfer or abandon the car, which means by 1 July. The consolidated communiqué text records that customs checks entry records monthly and tracks vehicles that have not been exported for four months before unresolved cases are referred to the Ministry of Interior.

Insurance, Tolls, Traffic Fines and the Online Service

A vehicle entering on guest plates in Turkey needs a traffic insurance policy valid in Turkey. The Ministry lists it among the entry documents and states that, if the driver has none, a policy can be bought at the nearest point to the border post. The Turkish Motor Vehicle Bureau (TMTB) administers the Green Card system for foreign-plated vehicles: cards issued under its current tariff cover all member countries of the system, and Iran’s membership has been suspended since 1 January 2024, so Turkish green cards no longer cover Iran and Iranian cards are not valid in Turkey. The Bureau says foreign-plated vehicles with a Green Card cause around 2,500 accidents a year in Turkey.

The Foreign-Plated Vehicle Procedures service (ypti.ticaret.gov.tr) went live on 23 March 2026. According to the Ministry of Trade’s announcement, it shows the vehicle’s stay end date and other vehicle information, lets the user complete the undertaking electronically, stores contact details with email verification, sends reminder emails as the end of the stay approaches, and links to the pre-declaration application, the FAQ, the vehicle guide and the screens for paying traffic fines and road, bridge and tunnel tolls. It works in Turkish and English. The vehicle pre-declaration application lets travelers declare vehicle and personal details before arrival to speed up processing at the gate; the Ministry describes it as optional.

For the residence test, the Ministry’s Turkish FAQ points to the e-Devlet residence-abroad inquiry, which counts days from passport entry and exit records. The two services answer different questions: the e-Devlet inquiry tests eligibility before the car enters, and the Foreign-Plated Vehicle Procedures service tracks the period after it has entered.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long can a foreign-registered car stay under guest plates in Turkey?

It depends on the owner. Turkish citizens, dual citizens and Blue Card holders resident abroad can be given up to 730 days. Foreign nationals without a residence permit receive 90 days in any 180-day period. Foreign nationals with a residence permit receive the permit’s validity, capped at 730 days. MA–MZ permits run for up to two years at a time. All figures are from the Ministry of Trade and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as of 4 November 2026.

Is it still true that the limit is six months for visitors and one year for retirees?

No. Those figures were in Article 20 of the 2009 Decision. Decision 2015/8113 raised the period to 24 months on 13 October 2015, and the Series No. 3 communiqué of 14 November 2015 set it at 730 days. The 730-day rule has applied since then, subject to the category caps described above.

What does “resident abroad” mean for guest plates in Turkey?

Per the Ministry, the person must have spent at least 185 days outside Turkey in the 365 days before entry and must have established residence abroad. Days need not be continuous. The look-back runs from the entry date, so a person entering on 10 April 2026 is tested on 10 April 2025 to 10 April 2026.

Can a foreigner with a Turkish residence permit keep a foreign-plated car?

According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Trade, a foreign national with a residence permit who meets the residence-abroad test receives a period equal to the permit’s validity, up to 730 days. A foreigner who comes to work, study or retire with a temporary residence permit may instead use the carnet or form route and receive MA–MZ plates.

Can a car on guest plates in Turkey be sold?

Not under the tourist-facility route: the Ministry states that sale or transfer of ownership is not allowed, with an exception for a transfer within the family unit. On the MA–MZ route, a transfer is possible only to another eligible foreigner, with the sale documented in the country of residence and the vehicle under customs control. If a transfer is found while the car is in Turkey, the vehicle must leave within 7 days.

Who is allowed to drive the car?

On the tourist-facility route, the permit holder’s spouse, parents, grandparents, children and grandchildren who live abroad, while the permit holder is in Turkey; people resident in Turkey may drive only in an emergency with the permit holder in the vehicle. On the MA–MZ route, the owner’s spouse, parents, children and a resident employed driver named on the registration certificate. Unauthorized use leads to action under Article 238 against both the holder and the driver.

What happens if the permitted period is exceeded?

For 2026 the fines are TRY 2,988 for up to one month, TRY 5,976 for up to two months and TRY 8,964 for up to three months. After three months, the fine is one quarter of the vehicle’s customs duties under Article 238. Leaving Turkey without the car and without telling customs carries a single fine of TRY 11,952.

Can the owner travel abroad and leave the car in Turkey?

Yes, under conditions. The car can be left at customs or a custodian car park for three months, extendable by three, or left parked in Turkey after signing the commitment at customs, on e-Devlet or on the Foreign-Plated Vehicle Procedures service. The vehicle’s period keeps running while the owner is away, and unpaid fines and tolls must be cleared before the vehicle exits.

Where can the remaining time be checked?

The Foreign-Plated Vehicle Procedures service launched on 23 March 2026 shows the stay end date after login with passport information, and can send reminder emails. The e-Devlet residence-abroad inquiry is used for the 185-day check before entry.

Last checked: 4 November 2026. Sources: Ministry of Trade, accompanied vehicles FAQ (English); Ministry of Trade, Yolcu Beraberi Taşıtlar FAQ (Turkish); Ministry of Trade, Foreign-Plated Vehicle Procedures announcement; Ministry of Trade, 15 October 2015 announcement; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, information on vehicles; Official Gazette 7 October 2009, Decision 2009/15481; Official Gazette 22 April 2011, Communiqué Series No. 1; Official Gazette 14 November 2015, Communiqué Series No. 3; Official Gazette 1 September 2016, Decision 2016/9119; Official Gazette 31 December 2023, Communiqué Series No. 8; Official Gazette 14 August 2026, Communiqué Series No. 9; Turkish Motor Vehicle Bureau (TMTB); orgtr.org, consolidated Communiqué Series No. 1; Alomaliye, Series No. 8 text.